Author: Matt McEwan

taking minutes

Skeleton Minutes as an Effective Prep Tool

Posted on by Matt McEwan

Skeleton Minutes as an Effective Prep Tool

Posted on by Matt McEwan

Minute takers, especially newer ones, can easily feel overwhelmed by the pressure of trying to capture every conversation, motion, and decision of a meeting as it happens in real time. The challenge isn’t just writing quickly but staying organized and calm while a discussion moves at full speed.

That’s where skeleton minutes come in, the most discussed aspect of our new Minute Taking Fundamentals training course for good reason. Skeleton minutes aren’t a meeting output; they’re a preparation tool that helps set minute takers up for success. When used effectively, they can make minute taking less stressful, faster, and more accurate. This improves turnaround time and helps organizations maintain professional, reliable records that translate into clear, actionable outcomes.

What Are Skeleton Minutes and How Are They Prepared?

Skeleton minutes are a bare-bones outline of meeting minutes created before the meeting begins. They are prepared by copying the structure and content of the agenda into your minute-taking template, using each topic or item as a heading. This creates a working draft and roadmap for the minute taker.

A typical skeleton includes:

  • The organization name, meeting type, location or virtual platform, and date/time.
  • A list or placeholders for attendees, absentees, and guests.
  • The topics arranged in order of the agenda.
  • Pre-formatted areas for motions, votes, and action items.

Skeleton minutes provide structure and consistency, allowing the minute taker to focus on capturing the discussion rather than formatting or organizing topics.

Using Skeleton Minutes During the Meeting

With the skeleton minutes in hand, you’re ready to document the meeting with confidence, filling in key details under each section as the discussion unfolds. Once the meeting begins, you will be able to:

  • Confirm that the agenda details in the heading are correct, including the organization name, meeting type, location or platform, and date/time.
  • Confirm the names and titles of attendees, guests, and those who are absent.
  • Capture the discussions, motions, and decisions under the respective headings you have placed.
  • Capture and refine the details of the motions, resolutions, votes, and action items that are made during the meeting.

The goal of skeleton minutes is to enter the meeting with a ready-to-use framework, ensuring you don’t start your documentation with a blank page but instead with a tool that supports fast, consistent, and confident documentation.

Benefits of Skeleton Minutes 

Skeleton minutes help streamline the entire minute-taking process, from the call to order to the final draft.

During the meeting, they make documenting fast-paced conversations smoother, faster, and more accurate. The pre-set framework ensures every agenda item, motion, and action is captured in the right place. This allows real-time documentation without worrying about formatting on the fly.

After the meeting, this structure shortens drafting time and produces a clearer, more polished record. Because the minute taker has worked from a consistent plan, reviewing and finalizing the minutes becomes more efficient and less time-consuming for everyone involved.

This approach transforms minute-taking from a reactive task into a systematic, repeatable practice that enhances professionalism and confidence at every stage.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Skeleton minutes are simple in concept but require attention to detail to be effective. When preparing them, avoid these common mistakes:

  • Leaving the skeleton too vague, without placeholders in each section.
  • Not using the most up-to-date agenda to seed your skeleton, or listing topics inaccurately or in the wrong order.
  • Overloading the skeleton with too much pre-written text, which can be distracting during live note-taking.
  • Failing to adapt the template for different meeting types, such as board meetings, committees, or annual general meetings, each of which may have its own unique sections or terminology.

A good skeleton needs to be concise, adaptable, and ready for real-time input.

Skeleton minutes are one of the simplest yet most effective tools a minute taker can use to improve their efficiency, accuracy, and confidence in minute taking. By starting with a solid framework, you can walk into meetings better prepared and leave with clear and reliable records.

This method is a time-saver and one of the core techniques taught in our Minute Taking Fundamentals training course. In the course, participants learn how to create, use, and adapt skeleton minutes for various governance settings. Professional tools such as templates, checklists, and step-by-step guides are also provided to simplify every stage of the minute-taking process.

Ready to make your minute taking easier and more effective? Sign up for our training course today!

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Checklist: Pre-Meeting Preparation, Live Capture, and Post-Meeting Documentation for Pharma Events

Posted on by Matt McEwan

Checklist: Pre-Meeting Preparation, Live Capture, and Post-Meeting Documentation for Pharma Events

Posted on by Matt McEwan

In Pharma and MedTech, meetings are rarely routine. They are moments where science, regulation, and strategy converge. Advisory boards, investigator meetings, and scientific symposia bring together leaders who are not only experts in their fields but also decision-makers who shape research and care. These events clarify regulatory pathways, refine trial designs, and guide clinical priorities. 

At the same time, they also produce some of the most sensitive information in the industry. Think about it: one missing note could delay a product launch, create a compliance gap, or make an opportunity disappear. On the other hand, recording too much or incorrect details can also cause harm, exposing an organization to regulatory checks or confidentiality leaks. This is why the way information is written, kept, and shared is as important as the discussion itself.

1. Pre-Meeting Preparation

Good documentation begins well before the first person clicks “Join Meeting” or enters the room. The preparation stage often decides how smoothly the meeting will go. If the meeting is a performance, preparing for the meeting is the rehearsal. Even the most well-thought-out agenda can fall apart without the right preparation.

Agenda and Objectives

An agenda is the roadmap for the entire meeting. For an advisory board, the agenda may focus on trial endpoints and feedback from key opinion leaders. In a symposium, it could cover the review of new real-world evidence. For both, it’s important that the objectives fit both scientific intent and compliance rules. An agenda must always undergo a compliance review before it is shared. Setting and then later changing an agenda can cause confusion or suggest poor oversight.

Participant Materials

Picture an attendee using an outdated slide deck that has since been replaced; suddenly, the meeting discussion takes a wrong turn. This is why secure distribution, version control, and watermarking are crucial to ensure that all meeting participants use the correct materials, thereby preventing outdated content from being used during presentations or publications.

Consent and Disclosure

Pharma and MedTech meetings often come under close regulatory scrutiny; therefore, confidentiality agreements and conflict-of-interest disclosures may be required. Beyond contracts, organizations must ensure they follow the rules relevant to their jurisdictions, such as the Sunshine Act, HIPAA, and GDPR. A missing disclosure or a signed agreement can damage months of effort.

Technical Readiness

A meeting can have the right agenda, people, and materials, but if the technology fails, nothing else will matter. A broken microphone or an insecure recording platform can prevent proper documentation and ruin compliance at the same time. Testing hybrid or virtual systems before the meeting and confirming that the technology in place meets security requirements can prevent costly problems later.

Tip: Create a pre-event checklist. In the checklist, add regulatory sign-offs, document version control, and technology tests. Confirm the completion of all these tasks well in advance of the meeting to avoid a last-minute rush and ensure a smooth meeting.

2. Live Meeting Documentation

When the meeting begins, documentation must capture key insights and maintain objectivity and compliance.

Attendance List

Start simple: note who attended, from where, and when – if they arrived late or left early. If the meeting requires a vote, the quorum must be recorded. Imagine regulators reviewing a decision months later, and attendance is unclear; even properly documented outcomes will be questioned.

Real-Time Notes

This is where you show off your skills. Don’t write a word-for-word transcript, as this creates clutter instead of clarity. Focus on structured points, like agreements, disagreements, and final decisions. For example, did investigators agree on the dosing schedule? Did advisors raise issues with patient eligibility criteria?

Presentation Tracking

Diligent version control during the participation stage should prevent presentation issues, but it’s essential to pay attention to the presentations used during the meeting. If a speaker uses a version that differs from the approved one, note it in the minutes. 

Compliance Guardrails

Pharma and MedTech meetings can delve into sensitive areas, particularly regarding off-label use. If a moderator redirects a discussion, record this redirection. This shows that compliance is not just a formality but a live focus during the meeting.

Tip: Assign one person as the documentation lead, ideally a professional third-party minute taker. They should not moderate or present. Their focus will be to keep notes accurate and neutral. This helps ensure that there is no bias and protects the integrity of the record.

3. Post-Meeting Documentation

The end of the meeting does not mean documentation is complete. This stage is often the most important as it’s the point where you convert the raw notes into clear, audit-ready minutes.

Prepare Summary/Minutes

Compile and complete the minutes within 48 to 72 hours of the meeting. It’s easy to forget the details of a meeting, but participants will be better equipped to review the minutes while the meeting is still fresh in their minds. The best practice is to organize meeting notes by agenda headings, objectives, highlights, decisions, and actions, rather than following the meeting discussions in chronological order. An agenda-based record will make the minutes easier to read and allow for quick access to information and insights.

Regulatory Alignment

Review the minutes against the regulatory guidelines applicable to your organization. If you see anything that looks promotional, remove it. This will help to protect the organization and strengthen compliance.

Action Tracking

Meetings are only as effective as the actions taken afterwards. Assign follow-ups, name the responsible party, and set deadlines. Add the actions and assignments to your compliance or project management systems to ensure everyone is held accountable.

Archival

Finally, you must think in the long term. This can be achieved by ensuring that records are stored safely and that access is limited to those who genuinely need it, particularly in the event of audits. In Pharma and MedTech, audits can come at any time. 

Tip: Prepare every set of meeting notes as if they could be audited tomorrow. This mindset keeps all documentation sharp and ready.

Conclusion

Pharma and MedTech events influence research, compliance plans, and patient outcomes. However, the value of these meetings lasts only if they are captured accurately. Without controlled documentation, those insights are at risk of dilution or loss, and the risk of noncompliance increases. Using a three-phased methodology—pre-meeting preparation, live capture, and post-meeting documentation—you create records that are compliant, accurate, and actionable.

How Minutes Solutions Can Help

Minutes Solutions specializes in producing objective, audit-ready records for advisory boards, investigator meetings, and scientific symposia. Our trained professionals understand the industry’s need for precision, confidentiality, and compliance. Let us handle the documentation so you can focus on the science.

Request a quote or schedule a consultation to learn how our services can support your next event.

A Minute-Taker’s Guide to Capturing KOL Insights in Advisory Boards

Posted on by Matt McEwan

A Minute-Taker’s Guide to Capturing KOL Insights in Advisory Boards

Posted on by Matt McEwan

Introduction

Advisory boards are still one of the best means for Pharma and MedTech companies to directly engage with Key Opinion Leaders (KOLs). The discussions in these meetings have the potential to impact product design, clinical trial design, market access strategies, and ultimately patient outcomes. But here’s the catch: the value of these meetings largely depends on how well the information is recorded. If the record is incomplete, biased, or inaccurate, key insights are at risk of being lost. Good meeting minutes provide an accurate record from which leaders can draw when making scientific, regulatory, and business decisions.

The following is a how-to guide on capturing KOL insights during these high-stakes meetings.

Getting Ready Before the Meeting

Good minute-taking begins long before the meeting starts. A few basics are:

Understanding the Objectives: Clarify the objective. Is the meeting meant to capture feedback on a trial, to explore patient needs yet to be met, or to design a market access strategy? Knowing the purpose of the meeting will help you listen for the key points.

Reviewing the Agenda and Pre-reads: Familiarize yourself with the planned discussion topics and supporting materials to help you identify dominant discussion themes. These documents can also help you prepare your minutes template before the meeting begins.

Confirming the Deliverable: Some advisory boards want verbatim-style transcripts, while others prefer concise summaries of outcomes and recommendations. Clarifying the deliverable requirements and preferences upfront will help you meet stakeholder expectations and limit the review and amendment process.

Keeping It Neutral and Accurate

Pharma and MedTech are high-stakes industries with significant regulatory and compliance obligations; neutrality is essential. Objectivity is not a nice-to-have; it’s a requirement.

  • Record what was said or decided, not who “won” an argument.
  • Understand and use industry-specific terminology accurately.
  • If anonymity is needed, then maintain neutral wording such as “a participant observed…”

Don’t paraphrase to the extent of altering scientific meaning. For instance, if a KOL notes a “statistical concern,” it must not be diluted to a “minor issue” because such modification may blur the intended meaning and impact decisions.

Capturing Scientific and Clinical Information

KOLs often share highly technical insights and rarely speak in generalities. To document this properly, minute takers should:

  • Pay attention to actionable statements, e.g., warnings, recommendations, and unanimous decisions.
  • Document technical terms precisely. A term like “real-world evidence gap” has special meaning and carries specific weight; replacing it with “data gap” would change the meaning.
  • Note where expert opinions differ or where the KOLs are discussing reasons for or against a particular topic.

Respecting Compliance and Confidentiality

Advisory board discussions often fall under strict regulatory frameworks, as they frequently involve discussing sensitive or unpublished information. That means minute-takers must:

  • Respect confidentiality agreements, especially where patient data or trial results are involved.
  • Document discussions to a standard that would withstand regulatory review.
  • Keep the record factual, in line with industry codes of conduct, and free of promotional spin.

Delivering Actionable Summaries

The work is not done when the meeting closes. How the minutes are presented is important:

  • Summaries should pull out the key recommendations and next steps, grouped by topic.
  • Flag consensus versus individual viewpoints clearly.
  • Deliver them promptly, while the discussion remains fresh in the minds of the participants and relevant to strategic planning.

Closing Thought

Taking minutes at an advisory board meeting is a great responsibility; you need to produce a trustworthy, compliant record that ensures the wisdom of KOLs feeds into real-world decisions. With careful preparation, neutrality, respect for compliance, and a sharp eye for clarity, professional minute-takers can turn a fast-moving conversation into a document that drives strategic decision-making.

Minutes Solutions supports Pharma and MedTech organizations across all meeting types, from advisory boards to investigator meetings and symposia. Our trained professionals understand the precision and confidentiality these discussions demand and allow your team to focus on advancing research and improving patient outcomes.

Request a quote or schedule a consultation to learn how our services can support your next meeting or event.

Minute Taking as a Career Skill: How Training Can Open Doors

Posted on by Matt McEwan

Minute Taking as a Career Skill: How Training Can Open Doors

Posted on by Matt McEwan

Introduction

In almost every organization, meetings are where the big decisions are made, and organizational strategy is developed. However, if these critical decisions and strategic priorities are not properly documented in the meeting minutes, they may not be communicated or executed effectively. Yet the skills required to take minutes and capture these decisions clearly, accurately, and concisely are often overlooked, and the people asked to document these crucial meetings don’t always receive the training needed to do so correctly.

Far from a routine task, minute taking requires knowledge, refined skills, and the right tools to make the process structured and efficient. When done well, minute taking highlights your attention to detail, demonstrates your neutrality, and shows that you understand governance in action. Proper minute-taking training can set you apart from your peers, enhance your credibility, and even open new career opportunities.

Why Minute Taking Is More Than “Note-Taking”

When understanding minute taking, it’s important to know that meeting notes and meeting minutes are not the same thing. Notes are typically informal and personal, intended to help individuals track the parts of a meeting that were important to them. Minutes, on the other hand, are generally official, legal documents written for the organization and its stakeholders. They are the written record of what happened during an official meeting, and organizations are usually required to keep them for a set period for accountability and regulatory purposes.

Therefore, meeting minutes require significantly more skill than note-taking, including an awareness of what should and should not be included. So, when you are asked to take minutes, it’s not about typing quickly to capture as much as possible. It’s about knowing what to capture and how, which is where professional training makes all the difference.

Making Yourself Indispensable

For many people, minute taking can feel like one of the most dreaded responsibilities in any meeting. It is often viewed as tedious, difficult, and time-consuming. Capturing conversations in real time, distilling complex discussions into clear decisions, and documenting the different conversations in a format that satisfies both governance standards and stakeholder expectations is no easy task. Because of this, many people will do everything they can to avoid taking minutes—passing the responsibility to someone else whenever possible.

This reluctance creates opportunity. Organizations are frequently searching for someone who can reliably handle the task, and when they find a capable and trusted minute taker, that person becomes invaluable. Consistently accurate and objective minutes build a reputation for reliability and trustworthiness. Over time, skilled minute takers move far beyond “administrative support” and become integral to how an organization ensures accountability, continuity, and sound decision-making.

A Competitive Edge in the Job Market

Being trained in minute taking can create abundant opportunities with your current employer. It can also make all the difference in a competitive job market. Look at the specifications of job postings for administrators, executive assistants, municipal clerks, and governance officers, and you will see minute taking listed more often than you’d expect. Employers recognize the rarity of experienced and proficient minute takers and are sensitive to the damage that bad record-keeping can cause. Applicants who can step in and deliver strong meeting minutes from day one without much learning curve are in demand, yet difficult to find. 

Formal training, along with a certificate of completion, will provide that reassurance and help you stand out in a sea of applicants. If you already have some minute-taking experience, professional training will not only build upon your skills and toolbox but will also verify your expertise and credentials. 

A Transferable Skill Across Industries

A wide variety of boards, from community associations to non-profits, depend on effective minute taking to ensure compliance and accountability. But it isn’t solely a boardroom task. Organizations in healthcare, education, business, and all levels of government require the same skills for their multitude of meetings. With proper training, you will carry a capability that transcends industries, borders, and meeting types. What may seem like a technical function can serve as a passport to a variety of career opportunities. 

Expanding Your Career Path

Minute-taking training can also serve as a springboard to opportunities in other roles. Minute taking is commonly an early responsibility for governance professionals, and many build from that foundation into roles such as compliance officer, governance coordinator, or corporate secretary, as their experience and scope broaden. A great minute-taking course can do more than teach you the right techniques and tools. It can help build your governance knowledge and open your mind to other opportunities in this dynamic space. 

Minute Taking Fundamentals

For the first time, Minutes Solutions is making our renowned training program, which has shaped hundreds of our professional minute takers for more than a decade, available to the public. Our self-paced, online Minute Taking Fundamentals course provides expert instruction from North America’s leading professional minute-taking firm. In addition to interactive lessons, you’ll receive these practical, downloadable resources to use immediately:

  • Minute-taking templates
  • Checklists for before, during, and after the meeting
  • Sample minutes and real-world examples
  • Step-by-step guides

You’ll learn proven techniques to prepare and produce clear, compliant minutes faster and with greater confidence.

To celebrate the launch, we’re offering a 25% discount for a limited time.

To learn more about the course and see firsthand how our professional minute-taking training can open doors in your career, check out our training site today:

Minute Taking Fundamentals

AGM Meeting Minutes

AGM Meeting Minutes Template: What to Include and Why It Matters

Posted on by Matt McEwan

AGM Meeting Minutes Template: What to Include and Why It Matters

Posted on by Matt McEwan

The annual general meeting (AGM) is perhaps the most important occasion in an organization’s calendar. For a professional body, homeowners’ association, non-profit, or similar organization, the AGM provides members with a complete picture of the past year and the path ahead, including audited accounts, board elections, policy changes, discussions on future direction, and more.

AGM minutes serve as a legal record confirming that the meeting took place, that motions were moved and passed, and that elections complied with the relevant regulations. They may also support the preparation of an annual report by helping document the board’s activities, decisions, and financial transparency for stakeholders.

An effective AGM minutes template is more than a helpful tool for the minute-taker, it is a major benefit for the organization itself. Let’s work through what is commonly included in AGM minutes and why each item matters.

The sections below reflect common elements found in AGM minutes across a range of industries and organization types. They are intended as a practical guide, not a universal checklist. Depending on your organization’s structure, governing documents, industry, and jurisdiction, some sections may not apply, while others may be required. Always consult your governing documents and the regulations of your jurisdiction. If you have questions about general best practices for a specific industry or organization type, please reach out, and we will be happy to share any helpful information we have.

1. Meeting Details and Introductions

Start with basic information, such as the name of the organization, meeting type, date, time, and location (or medium for online meetings). Then, list the members at the head table—the chair, directors, and guests, such as the auditor or recording secretary.

Why it matters: Recording meeting minutes and key attendees verifies that the AGM was properly convened, ensures transparency for members, establishes continuity and accountability, and clarifies who presented reports or advised on governance.

2. Welcome and Opening Remarks

While not required by law, a welcome helps to set the tone for leadership in the meeting. The president typically gives the welcome and can incorporate an introduction of the chair or facilitator, as well as a thanks to those attending.

Why it matters: This provides transparency and organizational structure, most notably in larger associations where members may not be personally acquainted with leadership or the board.

3. Awards and Recognition (if applicable)

If your AGM includes recognition—service pins, volunteer awards, committee recognition—include these details in your minutes. List the types and names of the awards, as well as the winners or those recognized.

Why it matters: This not only shows respect but also serves as an official record for future internal use, including in future newsletters or governance reviews.

4. Quorum Confirmation and Call to Order

Note the number of members present (including proxies) and state whether quorum was reached as per the by-laws.

Why it matters: Accurate record-keeping prevents disputes and supports audit readiness.

5. Evidence of Notice

Confirm that notice was given in accordance with the by-laws and applicable legislation.

Why it matters: Recording due notice establishes that a valid meeting was convened and supports the legitimacy of all decisions made.

6. Adoption of the Agenda

Include an express motion that affirms the agenda was adopted (as given or as amended), and names the mover and seconder.

Why it matters: Adopting the agenda formally defines the scope for the meeting and ensures members agree on the meeting topics.

7. Approval of Previous AGM Minutes

The minutes from the previous AGM must be approved. If changes were made, be clear and precise about what was changed, even quoting the new and old text if necessary.

Example:
 “The last sentence in section 13.3(b) was changed to read as follows: ‘Motion defeated, with 39 in favour and 99 against.’”

Why it matters: This shows consistency between AGMs and confirms your organization’s records. Keeping thorough meeting minutes also helps track motions and discussions year after year.

8. Appointment of Scrutineers (for Elections)

Record those appointed to assist with ballot-counting and election oversight.

Why it matters: This provides transparency and ensures fairness and procedural integrity in elections.

9. Presentation and Approval of Financial Statements 

Summarize the auditor’s report and identify key questions and answers from those present. Record the motion to approve the financials.

Why it matters: This is arguably the most legally significant element of an AGM. Stakeholders require assurance that the organization’s finances have been independently reviewed and approved.

10. Appointment of the Auditor

Also, note the motion to appoint (or reappoint) the auditor for the upcoming fiscal year, along with the names of the mover and seconder.

Why it matters: The appointment of auditors is typically a requirement under local legislation or by-laws. Documenting this in writing ensures your organization is in compliance.

11. Budget Presentation and Approval

Capture the highlights of the draft budget presentation, the questions or concerns of those present, and the motion to adopt the budget.

Why it matters: This shows fiscal transparency and can prevent future confusion or disputes.

12. President’s and Committee Reports

Add a summary of the key updates on initiatives, new programs, office changes, or committee activity. This text doesn’t need to be captured verbatim; an overview of the highlights will suffice.

Why it matters: These reports show board accountability and evidence of how member fees and volunteer efforts are spent.

13. Revising By-laws

For by-law change votes, include:

  • A summarization of the proposed changes being voted on (if there are multiple)
  • Mention the background materials received in advance, the rationale for the changes, and the exact wording
  • The exact number of votes in favour and against, or the percentage of votes in favour, if available
  • A clear statement of whether the changes passed or failed

Why it matters: By-law amendments are an involved process with many steps that occur before the final vote. Documentation of the rationale, previous work, and the final tally can help resolve or defuse future challenges to by-law changes.

14. Elections

Elections should be divided into three sections:

  • Nominations (who was nominated or if nominations were made from the floor)
  • Motion to close the nominations
  • Election results (who was voted for and their term)

Why it matters: Conducting elections is a key component of an AGM. Accurate records strengthen the authority of the elected board and its members.

15. Q&A

Summarize comments or questions. There’s no need to record every line of discussion, just the issues raised and the replies given.

Why it matters: This shows the board is listening and responsive, and it also provides future boards with an understanding of any concerns raised over time.

16. Adjourn

Close the meeting with a motion to adjourn, noting the time, and who moved and seconded the motion.

17. Signatures and Disclaimer 

End your minutes with signature lines for two directors and a statement that the document is a summary, not a transcript.

Why it matters: Signatures verify the minutes as official and help differentiate the final copy. The disclaimer protects against future challenges about discussions that may have been summarized or perceived to be omitted.

Last Lesson Learned: A Good Template Saves Time and Trouble 

Annual general meeting minutes are not an afterthought; they are an official governance document and the only formal record of what was agreed. A well-designed and carefully thought-out AGM minutes template is vital for the minute-taker and protects the board. If your AGM minutes are inconsistent or confusing, consider getting professional help. For many boards, outsourcing the preparation of minutes after each annual meeting ensures accuracy and peace of mind.

Minutes Solutions provides expertly written AGM minutes that are neutral, factual, and aligned with best practices. Let us handle the record-keeping while you focus on the decision-making.

Need help preparing professional AGM minutes? Let our experienced team manage the process for you by providing accurate, compliant, and prompt meeting minutes every time.

Get a Minute Taking Quote

Should Meeting Minutes Always Be Written Chronologically?

Posted on by Matt McEwan

Should Meeting Minutes Always Be Written Chronologically?

Posted on by Matt McEwan

A clear, well-organized agenda is a key component of a successful meeting. At Minutes Solutions, we recommend organizing your minutes by agenda order rather than following the strict chronological order of the meeting itself. This method produces clear, easy-to-review minutes that are simple to approve and fully compliant. For those who may be unconvinced, here’s why agenda-based minutes are our clear favourite.

Two Approaches to Meeting Minutes

When taking minutes, you can organize them in one of two ways: by agenda (Agenda-Based Organization) or in the chronological order of the meeting (Chronological Organization). Each approach offers advantages and shapes how easily participants can review and understand a meeting’s outcome.

Agenda-Based vs. Chronological

Agenda-Based Organization: This method groups all discussions under the agenda headings, regardless of when they occurred, making it ideal for formal governance.

Chronological Organization: You record the minutes in the exact order the discussions occurred. This approach, which is often used in informal workshops, training logs, or brainstorming sessions, captures every turn of the discussion as it happens.

The Benefits of Chronological Minutes

1. Accurate sequence: The meeting and all discussions are captured in the exact order they are discussed, even if the discussions are fragmented and topics are split across multiple sections.

2. Clear timing: By including time stamps, regulators and auditors can easily verify when each comment was made. However, this has the trade-off of making for significantly longer minutes and can make finding a final vote or motion require scanning the entire document.

3. Transparency in Decision-Making: Chronological minutes provide a clear trail of how discussions evolved, showing the context leading up to each decision. This makes it easier for stakeholders, regulators, or future board members to understand not just the outcome, but also the reasoning and deliberation behind it. 

The Benefits of Agenda-Based Minutes

1. Improved compliance: Minutes align directly with the items listed in the meeting notice, ensuring that you meet procedural standards.

2. Efficient review: Reviewers can locate decisions under familiar headings, reducing questions and revisions.

3. Consolidated records: All comments, motions, and outcomes for each topic are presented in one place for clear understanding.

Handling Off-Agenda Topics

But what happens when the meeting diverges from the agenda? Here are our recommendations for how to handle an unscheduled discussion:

1. Briefly note where it occurred. For example, add a line under the current heading, such as “Member asked about reserve funding.”

2. Utilize the new business or other business sections. Include the full details of the discussions and any motions or actions under these sections.

3. Include a time marker if required by the bylaws. You can do this by adding “At 3:07 p.m.” next to the entry to indicate the time of the discussion.

Additional Considerations

1. Regulatory requirements: Some organizations demand strict chronological records. Always check your governing documents.

2. Meeting type: Step‑by‑step records often come in handy for workshops, but formal committees, board meetings, and AGMs generally require agenda‑based precision.

3. Audience needs: Executives and legal reviewers need quick access to decisions, while operational teams sometimes require the detailed flow of the discussion.

4. Complex conversations: In debates that circle back and forth, cross-references (e.g., “See Other Business, item 3”) can be used to preserve clarity and can be used more efficiently in agenda-based minutes.

Best Practices for Minute Takers

1. Be prepared: Read the agenda and background materials thoroughly.

2. Match the agenda: Use the exact wording from the notice for your headings. 

3. Employ cross‑references: Direct readers to where subjects are also included in other sections. 

4. Check with the Chair: Before the meeting begins, confirm where off‑agenda items should be included.

Example in Practice 

Financial Report: The treasurer went through the last quarter’s numbers, and a Director asked about reserve funding. 

New Business: At 3:10 p.m., a Director asked about reserve funding. The Treasurer affirmed that current levels are adequate to meet policy and no additional assessments are being contemplated. 

Practical Application 

Agenda-based minutes are shorter and more convenient for review. By keeping your minutes consistent with the notice of meeting, you are certain of compliance, and decision‑tracking becomes more straightforward. Use clear headings, foresee and plan for unexpected matters, and confirm the placement of off-agenda items with your chair. The results are minutes that enable effective governance and informed decision‑making.

Want your minutes to be clear, structured, and legally sound? Our training sessions teach you how to organize and format minutes that meet best-practice standards.

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3 common minute-taking mistakes

3 Common Minute-Taking Mistakes

Posted on by Matt McEwan

3 Common Minute-Taking Mistakes

Posted on by Matt McEwan

Taking meeting minutes may appear to be a simple administrative task, but as anyone who has taken on this job knows, it is far from easy. When done properly, taking minutes doesn’t just create a record of events; it showcases the structure of the decision-making process, supports good governance, and keeps the team on the same page. Poorly taken minutes can cause real issues, such as legal complications, project or decision delays, and the loss of important information.

With years of experience training minute takers and reviewing our clients’ previous sets of minutes, we’ve become well-versed in not only identifying the most common mistakes but also in how to avoid them. The good news is that most of these problems are easy to fix once you know what to watch for.

Here are the three most common mistakes made when taking minutes, along with tips on how to avoid them.

1. Having decision-makers take the minutes

In smaller organizations, it’s not unusual for the chair or a senior team member to take the minutes, especially when resources are limited. It feels efficient, but in practice, it can create problems. If the person leading a meeting is also taking notes, it can be hard to stay neutral. There’s a natural tendency to write from your point of view, and it’s easy to miss something important while you are focused on speaking, not listening. Alternatively, there is always the danger of unintentionally leaving out the things you disagree with. 

These issues can directly affect the accuracy and value of the final minutes. 

Here’s what we advise instead:

1. Ask a neutral party to take the notes, ideally a professional third-party minute taker.

2. Give the minute taker enough time after the meeting to finalize the draft before distributing it.

3. Once the draft is complete, encourage a quick review process to ensure the clarity and accuracy of the notes while the information is still fresh in the minds of the participants.

Where employing a professional third party isn’t possible, having a template and structured review process will go a long way in keeping things accurate and objective. 

2. Recording opinions instead of decisions

This error might be the most common one exhibited by less-experienced minute takers: recording what people said rather than the details of the decision itself.

It’s easy to see how this happens, especially in a meeting where there’s a lot of discussion surrounding the decisions, or the discussion is long and heated. But it’s important to understand that good minutes are focused on outcomes, not the conversations that lead up to or follow them. Minutes need to record the final decisions of a conversation and a concise summary of any relevant context, not the conversation itself. 

For example:

  • James wanted to paint the lobby green, but Sarah said she hated green and that the green paint was too expensive.

Versus

  • Motion passed 5 – 2 to paint the lobby beige.

It was noted that beige was the only colour to perform well in the resident survey and be within the budget.

The second option provides significantly more clarity and information, including the final decision itself. It focuses on the end result and removes subjective opinions and arguments.

It’s also always important to keep your language simple and neutral. It’s helpful to avoid adjectives or persuasive language, except when there is a specific legal requirement to do so. Whether they are being reviewed a week or a year later, your minutes should help people understand the outcome of the meeting and the objective context behind important decisions.

3. Poor data storage practices

It’s not hard to imagine; you are so focused on the production of the minutes that you give too little thought to where or how to store them. However, the storage and ease of accessibility are just as important as writing the minutes themselves.

Depending on the jurisdiction, minutes may need to be kept for seven years or more; this isn’t just good practice, it’s also a legal requirement. Yet, even if it’s not a legal requirement, it’s important to give record storage careful consideration. People come and go, memories fade, and meeting formats can change. Without a reliable and well-thought-out storage system, it’s all too easy to lose meeting minutes and the record of the important decisions held within.  

Best practices for record keeping:

1. Store your minutes in a secure, digital location. Cloud platforms, especially those with version control and built-in backups, are a great option.

2. Use a consistent format or template that includes the date, attendees, agenda items, decisions, and action points.

3. Use a consistent file naming policy and label minutes according to sensitivity (e.g., Executive Session, Public, Confidential).

4. Define clear access policies. It is typically best to assign permissions based on roles or committees, not individuals.

Conclusion

Avoiding these common pitfalls by entrusting minute‑taking to a neutral party rather than a decision‑maker, focusing solely on concrete decisions instead of opinions, and implementing secure, organized records storage ensures that your minutes support transparent, actionable governance. 

The opportunity for mistakes spans the entire minute‑taking process: who writes them, how they’re written, and how they’re handled afterward. By deliberately addressing each area, your organization can produce accurate, reliable records that bolster accountability and compliance.

Types of Dashes and how to use them

Types of Dashes (and When to Use Them)

Posted on by Matt McEwan

Types of Dashes (and When to Use Them)

Posted on by Matt McEwan

Have you ever noticed that there are varying lengths of dashes? The well-known short one (the hyphen -) and the two other, less well-known, versions (the en dash (–) and the em dash (—))? If you have, but aren’t sure when to use those longer ones, you’re not alone. We will cut through the confusion on this topic and highlight the differences with examples and simple tips.

Getting to Know the Dashes

It is a common misconception that these dashes are interchangeable. Likewise, many people can rely too much on the standard hyphen for everything. However, while often overlooked, correct dash usage is essential for clarity and professionalism.

The Hyphen (-)

The hyphen is the shortest of the three dashes. The hyphen is used to connect words or numbers, such as phone numbers (123-456-7890), compound descriptors (“part-time”), or newly coined terms (“blue-greyish”). It also joins elements, such as “well-known,” “cost-effective,” and creates more complex constructions, such as “award-winning-sounding.”

Yet, it is important to note that not all compound words need a hyphen. For example, some are always single words (“bookstore”), some are always separated (“high school”), and others depend on convention and context. Importantly, compound words often have exceptions, so double-check when unsure. The hyphen is the most commonly used and familiar of the dashes and helps writers provide context and clarity when used correctly.

The En Dash (–)

The en dash, slightly longer than the hyphen but shorter than the em dash, is often misunderstood. Its primary function is to represent a range of values, such as dates, numbers, or locations. Examples include “June–August” or “pages 22–40.” The en dash is typically a substitute for the word “through.”

Unlike the hyphen, the en dash is not a standard keyboard button. The use of the en dash may require the use of a word processor’s special character menu or a specific keyboard shortcut.

The Em Dash (—)

Interestingly, the original reason for the names ‘en dash’ and ‘em dash’ was because the first should be the length of an ‘n’ and the second the length of an ‘m.’   

The em dash brings emphasis and clarity to a sentence when used appropriately. The em dash can serve in place of parentheses, providing a less formal and more visually engaging separation of thoughts. It may also stand in for a colon, introducing a conclusion, explanation, or extra detail at the end of a sentence. In situations where too many commas may clutter a sentence, the em dash offers a clean alternative, helping to maintain clarity and flow.

Consider the following examples:

  • Harry sampled the bakery’s new pastry—and the results were less than favorable.
  • Our board includes three officers—Sarah May, President; Frank Stewart, Treasurer; and Alexandra Gill, Secretary—and two directors at large.
  • The budget meeting—scheduled for next Monday—is expected to be contentious.

The em dash is highly adaptable. It can neatly set off supplementary information, make a pause, help organize lists with internal commas, and inject nuance into written communication.

Things That Get Weird (Because of Dashes)

  • If you’re using em dashes to surround a phrase—like this one—drop the commas. Let the dash do its thing.
  • Have a question or exclamation inside those dashes? The punctuation stays inside, like this—can you believe it? —and not outside.
  • Parentheses inside dashes and dashes inside parentheses introduce a level of complexity we don’t need to explore right now, but this does indeed occur.

One Last Thing

If this all still feels confusing, don’t worry. The differences between the three dashes are nuanced and not well known on the whole. However, if you want that professional touch, need to put together a formal report, a published article, or expect a red pen, it helps to know your dashes.

And if all else fails and you don’t have a professional editor at hand? Choose one type of dash and use it consistently.

organizational meeting

What is an Organizational Meeting?

Posted on by Matt McEwan

What is an Organizational Meeting?

Posted on by Matt McEwan

Every great board or committee begins with one thing: the organizational meeting. It is the humble beginning that will establish the structure, authority, and direction of the group for the future.

What is an Organizational Meeting, and why is it Important?

An organizational meeting is the first formal meeting for a newly formed board, committee, or other governing body. It is the meeting that allows the group to specify leadership roles, delineate decision-making processes, and establish key operating ground rules. Sometimes, it is called an inaugural meeting, a turnover meeting, a board organization meeting, or a post-election meeting. Regardless of the name, the function is the same: establishing order and clarity from the onset.

Given the importance of this meeting, it is equally important that the meeting be prepared for with the utmost care and accurately documented.

What’s on the Agenda?

The agenda for an organizational meeting often involves significant governance decisions, such as:

  • Electing officers, the chair, secretary, treasurer, and other significant posts
  • Scheduling meetings and other important activities
  • Voting on or reviewing bylaws and notable policies to guide the organization’s work
  • Reviewing or confirming professional service providers such as community managers, auditors, or lawyers
  • Granting signing authority over bank accounts and other legally binding documents
  • Determining strategic priorities

The agenda for an organizational meeting acts as a checklist of the items the board or other group needs to consider and that are required to help it function effectively.

When Should an Organizational Meeting be Held?

Typically, organizational meetings are held at crucial transition points, such as:

  • Directly following an annual general meeting (AGM), especially after the election of new board members
  • Following the incorporation of a new organization, association, or corporate entity
  • After a significant restructuring, e.g., a merger, acquisition, or executive change

Which Industries Require Organizational Meetings?

Organizational meetings are common in sectors where boards or governing groups are entrusted with the supervision of an organization. These include:

  • Condominium and strata boards
  • Homeowners’ associations (HOAs)
  • Non-profit and charitable organizations
  • Municipal committees and commissions
  • Indigenous government groups and economic development corporations
  • Recently formed corporations or partnerships
  • Professional or industry associations

Where there is a formal governance structure, there is usually an organizational meeting.

How Long are Organizational Meetings?

Organizational meetings are typically brief and streamlined, and often last between 15 and 60 minutes. The length of the meeting will depend on:

  • The number of agenda items
  • Experience level of participants 
  • The extent of prior preparation or the direction provided

If a board is well-prepared, these meetings can move quickly and precisely through important decisions.

What Should be Included in the Minutes?

Minutes from an organizational meeting should include:

  • A record of all attendees (including outgoing and incoming board members, if there are any)
  • Assignments and designations, such as signing authority or membership in a committee
  • Adoption of bylaws, meeting schedules, or other governing documents
  • The timetable and agenda for future meetings
  • Motion, seconders, vote results, and any other crucial procedural process

Other Minute-Taking Considerations for Organizational Meetings

The outcomes of organizational meetings are long-term in nature, and therefore, professional and detailed documentation is essential. Before the meeting, minute takers should clarify:

  • Whether you are employing Robert’s Rules of Order or a different procedural framework
  • Whether particular votes or resolutions require complete records (e.g, roll-call votes or special resolutions)

When writing the minutes, minute takers need to:

  • Be objective, since the minutes may be later referred to during a dispute or audit
  • Document any conflicts of interest, abstentions, or irregularities
  • Use formal language for noting appointments, mandates, and resolutions

Objectivity and precision are especially important during the election of officers and while documenting functions concerning legal authority.

The Value of Accurate Documentation

Minutes from an organizational meeting are typically legally binding, and precision is key:

  • Banks may ask for certified minutes to confirm who is authorized to sign on an organization’s behalf 
  • Regulators or auditors may rely on them to review the board’s legitimacy, decisions, and procedures
  • Future leaders can go through these records to understand the board structure and intentions 

Incomplete or disorganized minutes can lead to misunderstandings or render a decision void. Precise documentation of a meeting will protect the organization and facilitate the effective transition of the governing body. 

Final Takeaway 

Meetings at the organizational level can seem procedural, but are indispensable. This is because they fashion a new board’s power, determine continuity, and solidify the governing responsibility of the organization. 

A knowledgeable minute taker brings discipline to organizational meetings as well as objectivity and precision. Which, in turn, ensures accurately recorded meeting minutes that are legally sound and by best practices. It’s important to remember that how you start will often define how you will take charge of the sphere of governance.

Let us take care of your organizational meeting minutes—precise, professional, and ready when you need them.

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Take your skills further with our Minute Taking Fundamentals training, an online course designed to help administrative staff and board members master the process.

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Why We Use the Oxford Comma

Posted on by Matt McEwan

Why We Use the Oxford Comma

Posted on by Matt McEwan

If you’ve ever paused mid-sentence and wondered whether that last comma before “and” really matters, you’re not alone. That punctuation mark, called the Oxford comma, has sparked debates in courtrooms, classrooms, and newsrooms alike.

At Minutes Solutions, however, we use the Oxford comma. Always. Here’s why.

First, What Is the Oxford Comma?

The Oxford comma (also called the serial comma, series comma, or Harvard comma) is the comma that is placed immediately before the final conjunction—usually “and”, “or”, or “nor”—in a list of three or more items. For an example, look at the next sentence:

“We brought notebooks, pens, and highlighters.”

The comma after “pens” is the Oxford comma. Some people skip it. We don’t.

Clarity Is King

Without the Oxford comma, meaning can get muddy fast. Take this example:

  • Without Oxford comma: “She dedicated the book to her parents, Oprah and Einstein.”
  • With Oxford comma: “She dedicated the book to her parents, Oprah, and Einstein.”

The first version makes it sound as though the author’s parents are Oprah and Einstein. The second version? Clear as day.

When you’re writing for meeting minutes, contracts, or public records, ambiguity isn’t just inconvenient. It’s risky. The Oxford comma adds a small, but powerful layer of clarity that helps your words do exactly what they’re meant to do: communicate.

It’s Not Just About Grammar, But About Trust

When we write something down, especially on behalf of others, we’re creating a record. Readers assume that record reflects what was intended, not just what was typed. That’s why consistency and precision matter.

Using the Oxford comma signals that we’ve thought carefully about how we write each sentence. The Oxford comma is a mark of diligence: a mark that quietly supports credibility, professionalism, and trust.

A Comma That’s Been to Court

In 2018, a group of Maine truck drivers won a $5-million lawsuit because of one missing comma in a labour law. The absence of an Oxford comma changed how the law was interpreted. The courts ruled in favor of the drivers.

This was the portion of the law in question:

“The canning, processing, preserving, freezing, drying, marketing, storing, packing for shipment or distribution of:

(1) Agricultural produce;

(2) Meat and fish products; and

(3) Perishable foods.” 

Because there was no comma between “shipment” and “or distribution,” the court interpreted the phrase as referring only to the act of packing, not distributing. Even though the drivers distributed the goods and didn’t pack them as well, the drivers were eligible for overtime.

That single punctuation mark meant the difference between denied and approved overtime pay.

Even the Digital World Is on Board

Grammar checkers, from Microsoft Word’s tool to Grammar.ly to browser based AI tools, usually default to Oxford comma recommendations. The Oxford comma is now widely recognized as a best practice, and not a personal preference.

Final Thought: The Smallest Mark With the Biggest Impact

Minutes Solutions uses the Oxford comma because it makes writing clearer, cleaner, and more reliable. When you’re responsible for documenting decisions, capturing outcomes, or creating permanent records, clear and reliable is exactly what you want.

While it may be tiny, the Oxford comma does a lot of heavy lifting. We’re happy to keep it on the job.